Inside Exercise

Dr Glenn McConell chats with legendary Australian former marathon world record holder and lifelong exerciser Derek Clayton and the three top researchers who have tested him over 50 years. Derek, who is now 82 years old, broke the marathon world record in 1967 running 2:09:36 when the previous record was 2:12:11(!). Then in 1969 he ran 2:08:33 a world record which wasn’t broken until 1981. He then continued to train at a high level, especially cycling. He was VO2 max tested in 1969 by Professor David Costill, 1991 by Professor Costill, Professor Mark Hargreaves and myself then in 2022 by sports cardiologist Dr Andre La Gerche and Prof Hargreaves. Each of these research experts have previously individually been on the podcast and join us today. Derek has developed atrial fibrillation but has an amazing heart with substantial cardiac reserve. Very interesting and inspiring. Enjoy!0:00. Introduction2:40. Intro to Derek. His marathon WRs6:07. England/Northern Island7:50. Always driven, didn’t want any regrets9:15. First signs of running talent at 19. Belfast12:50. Arrival in Melbourne, Australia15:32. Intro to the marathon18:10. Only wanted to win, no interest in pacing etc19:30. His parents/talent etc. No coach.23:35. Huge training mileage26:00. Worked full-time26:40. Accidental high CHO diet/only water during races27:44. Trained very hard, no taper 28:50. Running injuries: knee replacement30:48. Prof David Costill joins in32:10. How David hooked up with Derek36:58. His 1969 testing41:00. Prof Mark Hargreaves joins in42:20. His 1991 testing46:30. Similar VO2 max 1969 vs 199147:35. His slow vs fast twitch fibre content49:20. Competitive about hand grip!50:20. Not overly high VO2 max52:20. Very efficient55:30. Resilient, mental toughness, work ethic57:50. Very modest58:50. Serious bike racing1:01:05. His Olympic marathon races1:03:00. Issues at Olympics: altitude and heat1:05:10. Dr Andre La Gerche joins in1.09:03. His heart is enormous1:11:20. Endurance training: right vs left ventricle1:12:25. Has very large atria but reduced function1:16:20. Right ventricle and endurance ex1:18:30. His atrial fibrillation and ex1:25:52. Ablations to try to prevent his AF1:30:50. Alcohol, AF and ablations1:32:20. He's had 3 ablations but still has AF1:34:20. The heart can take time to recover from hard ex1:37:20. Right ventricle, exercise and drops in arterial oxygen1:40:55. He has enormous cardiac reverse1:46:35. Lifelong ex increases AF1:51:50. Ex extremely important despite increasing AF1:55:20. Prioritize/best treatment exercise1:59:12. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Tommy Lundberg from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. He is an expert on resistance training (RT) and has focussed on the effect of concurrent training on exercise adaptations. That is, does doing concurrent resistance and endurance training affect the responses to resistance and endurance training compared to doing either alone. His research has specifically focused on the effects of endurance training on resistance training adaptations although we also discussed the effect of resistance training on endurance training adaptations. It appears that in many people concurrent training has either no interfering effect or may even be beneficial. However there is some limited research that endurance training, although not affecting hypertrophy, may reduce strength and/or speed of contraction. He has also done a lot of work on biological males been involved in female sports (which will be converted in a future podcast). I found it a very interesting chat. Enjoy! X: @TLexercise.

0:00. Introduction
3:03. Tommy’s background
5:25. Aland Islands
7:25. What is concurrent training?
9:40. Resistance training (RT) can benefit endurance performance
13:35. Does RT affect injuries?
15:05. The amount/volume of training and concurrent training
18:32. Little effect of endurance training on hypertrophy but might effect strength
21:30. Glenn’s frustrations at the gym
24:15. Single-leg research studies vs whole body exercise
31:20. AMPK and metabolism etc
34:00. Potential mechanisms involved
35:40. Interference of endurance on strength hasn’t been clearly shown
38:00. RT can improve endurance performance and economy
41:10. Specificity of RT adaptations
45:55. Running straight after the gym
48:55. How much RT is enough/sufficient/optimal
51.20. Benefits of circuit training
53:05. Endurance exercise interfering with strength/contraction speed
54:20. Relationship between muscle size and strength
59:05. Explosive RT best for endurance exercise
1:04:35. Order of the concurrent training
1:06:35. Arterial stiffness/health and concurrent training
1:10:25. Team sports and concurrent training
1:12.08. Different sports a concurrent training
1:13:05. Mechanisms: gene expression etc
1:16:22. Fatigue and concurrent training
1:17:40. If short on time what exercise would you recommend?
1:19:55. Sex differences?
1:20:45. Age effects?
1:21:20. Controversies in the field
1:24:25. Things that influencers can get wrong
1:25:45. Other areas that he is investigating
1:27:50. Anti inflammatories can reduce resistance training gains
1:30:08. Takeaway messages
1:31:14. Outro

Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.

The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.

He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).

Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: [email protected]

Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218

Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Lykke Sylow from The University of Copenhagen. She is a rising star in exercise metabolism and in particular the effect of exercise on cancer. This is the second podcast episode on exercise and cancer (See Professor Kathryn Schmitz episode #9).
Remarkably she said that if you are a non-smoker your biggest risk of getting cancer is inactivity. Not clear if this is independent of obesity etc. Can associated with a reduction of insulin sensitivity and also cachexia (with the loss of muscle mass is very important). The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance. Exercise can reduce the likelihood of getting cancer, improve the prognosis during cancer treatment and reduce the likely of getting cancer again. There is even evidence that exercise can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce the extent of metastasis. Really remarkable stuff. A lot more research is needed to clarify these things. X: @lykkesylow
0:00. Introduction
2:40. Lykke is a rising star
3:59. Cancer and exercise overview
6:09. Wasting of muscle mass with cancer
7:00. Evidence that exercise reduces the risk of getting cancer
11:40. Inactivity / obesity and cancer
13:03. Glucose metabolism and cancer
15:20. Cancer cachexia
19:05. The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance
22:55. Cancer cachexia/ loss of muscle mass
29:30. When loss weight tend to lose muscle
30:30. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia
33:20. Pre cancer muscle mass/strength and survival
35:50. With cancer insulin resistance may come before cachexia
40:07. What do different cancers have different effects?
41:48. Exercise can improve tolerance to cancer treatment/fatigue
46:20. Does exercise reverse the insulin sensitivity with cancer
46:30. Exercise increases muscle glucose use during and after exercise
52:10. Exercise during chemotherapy treatment
54:55. What kind/type of exercise are we talking about?
1:01:20. Mechanisms/AMPK
1:03:25. Exercise reduces fatigue in cancer
1:04:13. Exercise may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy
1:06:25. Exercise may reduce metastasis of cancer
1:08:30. Sex differences, cancer and exercise
1:12:20. Age, cancer and exercise
1:15:15. Availability of exercise in oncology departments
1:18:50. Diet vs exercise in cancer treatment
1:19:50. Strength vs endurance training with cancer
1:21:22. Takeaway messages
1:26:23. Outro
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: [email protected]
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paul D. Thompson who is Chief of Cardiology, Emeritus at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT and Professor of Medicine, Emeritus at the University of Connecticut. He has published over 500 peer reviewed journal articles, was a past President of the American College of sports medicine (ACSM) and was a impressively fast marathon runner. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on sport cardiology (See Professor Benjamin Levine and Associate Professor Andre La Gerche’s episodes). We covered a lot of ground. There is a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation in athletes (is it due to larger hearts?). We discussed possible reasons why coronary artery calcium/calcification is higher in athletes. He recommends 8000 steps done vigorously per day. Exercise is very important for your health. What exercise to do depends on your goals and health status. See time stamps further much more. We discuss his free substack called 500 rules of cardiology.
0:00. Introduction
2:40. Previous IE podcast episodes on sports cardiology
5:30. Worked with ex physiol legend David Costill
8:00. Ex physiol legend Bengt Saltin
9:00. More than 500 publications, importance of collaboration
10:45. Can exercise have negative effects on the heart?
13:00. More atrial fibrillation in athletes (due to larger hearts?)
20:30. Genetics and exercise
25:15. Was excellent marathoner
27:30. Exercise and right ventricle “fatigue”
32:00. Genetics, exercise and longevity
34:10. Cut off points/prevalence of increased risk of atrial fibrillation
36:26. Atrial fibrillation, blood thinners and strokes
39:30. Daily aspirin and heart risk
42:42. Why coronary artery calcium/calcification (CAC) higher in athletes?
48:40. Sex differences
51:03. Less heart beats per day in endurance athletes
53:40. Athletes, higher CAC and cardiovascular events
56:15. Exercise reduces cardiovascular events
58:30. Almost never restricts exercise in patients
1:00:20. Rationale to train hard
1:02:30. Most bang for your buck if less fit to start with
1:05:30. Cadence and turbulence in artery
1:09:30. Better athletes have more heart issues
1:11:40. Exercise intensity and coronary calcification
1:13:55. Walking and the heart
1:18:00. Fit handle operations/illnesses better
1:20:17. Statins and muscle pain /cholesterol
1:24:15. Medications vs lifestyle in diabetes
1:26:32. Metformin and exercise adaptations
1:27:15. Sudden death during exercise
1:29:25. Coronary narrowing and heart attacks
1:31:45. Best athletes have larger aortas
1:35:20. Intermittent fasting /ketosis
1:38:45. Exercise intensity and heart adaptations
1:39:40. Pay attention to symptoms
1:41:55. Broke his hip in a bike accident, cycles now
1:43:25. Exercise training early in life /epigenetics
1:47:05. Drugs and exercise performance
1:49:20. Environmental factors: eg walking to school
1:51:52. Cardiac sex differences re exercise
1:54:05. Wise advice
1:58:45. Be mindful of the media’s take on exercise
2:00:25. Takeaway messages
2:02:12. His free substack 500 rules of cardiology
2:02:59. Outro

Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: [email protected]
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice

Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Bryan Heiderscheit from the University of Wisconsin in USA. He is an expert on running injuries. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Professor Irene Davis’s and Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen’s episodes). Bryan focuses on overstriding and how increasing the stride rate can reduce overstriding and therefore running injuries. The importance of making gradual changes in all aspects. Different kinds of running injuries when land on the forefoot vs the heel. He thinks the type of shoes (minimalist vs cushioned etc) doesn’t make much difference to running injury rates etc. If bouncing up and down when running then may be overstriding which can result in injury. Some people bounce more but don’t overstride, some people overstride but don’t bounce and some do both. Bryan likes to try altering the stride rate/cadence to reduce over striding in an attempt to reduce bouncing and therefore, hopefully, running injuries. Bryan and the previous running. We also discussed causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting. A very interesting chat that brought together not only his research but also the previous two episodes on running injuries.
0:00. Introduction
3:16. Similarities/differences re the 3 interviews on running injuries
8:36. How Bryan got into running injury research
10:53. Running injuries when land on the forefoot vs heel
17:02. Specificity: function vs capacity
20:08. Do cushioned shoes increases injuries?
26:04. Injury rates /injury risks
28:45. Accumulation of strides, resilience, loads
31:30. The centre of mass movement during running (bounce)
34:20. Changing gait to alter centre of mass movement
36:50. Overstriding re centre of mass
40:20. Overstriding and eccentric load on the knee
41:15. Cadence/step rate to alter overstriding/bounce
45:38. Speed of runner and how land when running
47:13. Loading rate and injuries
49:08. Some overstride but don’t bounce and vice versa
50:42. Experience of runner and overstriding
52:40. Elite runners and extent of overstriding
55:26. Gait retraining and injury rates
57:14. Step rate increase when land on forefoot
1:00:01. Other causes of running injuries
1:00:50. Need shoes to control pronation?
1:03:26. Causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting
1:06:43. Bone density reduction after bone injury
1:08:25. When ready to return after ACL reconstruction?
1:10:00. Takeaway messages
1:11:49. Outro

Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
Instagram: insideexercise
Facebook: Glenn McConell
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
Email: [email protected]
Subscribe to Inside exercise:
Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
Not medical advice