Inside Exercise

• #90 - Former WR marathoner Derek Clayton with the top researchers who've studied him over 50 years

  Dr Glenn McConell chats with legendary Australian former marathon world record holder and lifelong exerciser Derek Clayton and the three top researchers who have tested him over 50 years. Derek, who is now 82 years old, broke the marathon world record in 1967 running 2:09:36 when the previous record was 2:12:11(!). Then in 1969 he ran 2:08:33 a world record which wasn’t broken until 1981. He then continued to train at a high level, especially cycling. He was VO2 max tested in 1969 by Professor David Costill, 1991 by Professor Costill, Professor Mark Hargreaves and myself then in 2022 by sports cardiologist Dr Andre La Gerche and Prof Hargreaves. Each of these research experts have previously individually been on the podcast and join us today. Derek has developed atrial fibrillation but has an amazing heart with substantial cardiac reserve. Very interesting and inspiring. Enjoy!0:00. Introduction2:40. Intro to Derek. His marathon WRs6:07. England/Northern Island7:50. Always driven, didn’t want any regrets9:15. First signs of running talent at 19. Belfast12:50. Arrival in Melbourne, Australia15:32. Intro to the marathon18:10. Only wanted to win, no interest in pacing etc19:30. His parents/talent etc. No coach.23:35. Huge training mileage26:00. Worked full-time26:40. Accidental high CHO diet/only water during races27:44. Trained very hard, no taper 28:50. Running injuries: knee replacement30:48. Prof David Costill joins in32:10. How David hooked up with Derek36:58. His 1969 testing41:00. Prof Mark Hargreaves joins in42:20. His 1991 testing46:30. Similar VO2 max 1969 vs 199147:35. His slow vs fast twitch fibre content49:20. Competitive about hand grip!50:20. Not overly high VO2 max52:20. Very efficient55:30. Resilient, mental toughness, work ethic57:50. Very modest58:50. Serious bike racing1:01:05. His Olympic marathon races1:03:00. Issues at Olympics: altitude and heat1:05:10. Dr Andre La Gerche joins in1.09:03. His heart is enormous1:11:20. Endurance training: right vs left ventricle1:12:25. Has very large atria but reduced function1:16:20. Right ventricle and endurance ex1:18:30. His atrial fibrillation and ex1:25:52. Ablations to try to prevent his AF1:30:50. Alcohol, AF and ablations1:32:20. He's had 3 ablations but still has AF1:34:20. The heart can take time to recover from hard ex1:37:20. Right ventricle, exercise and drops in arterial oxygen1:40:55. He has enormous cardiac reverse1:46:35. Lifelong ex increases AF1:51:50. Ex extremely important despite increasing AF1:55:20. Prioritize/best treatment exercise1:59:12. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

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  1:59:21
• #89 - Concurrent training with Dr Tommy Lundberg

  Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Tommy Lundberg from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. He is an expert on resistance training (RT) and has focussed on the effect of concurrent training on exercise adaptations. That is, does doing concurrent resistance and endurance training affect the responses to resistance and endurance training compared to doing either alone. His research has specifically focused on the effects of endurance training on resistance training adaptations although we also discussed the effect of resistance training on endurance training adaptations. It appears that in many people concurrent training has either no interfering effect or may even be beneficial. However there is some limited research that endurance training, although not affecting hypertrophy, may reduce strength and/or speed of contraction. He has also done a lot of work on biological males been involved in female sports (which will be converted in a future podcast). I found it a very interesting chat. Enjoy! X: @TLexercise. 0:00. Introduction 3:03. Tommy’s background 5:25. Aland Islands 7:25. What is concurrent training? 9:40. Resistance training (RT) can benefit endurance performance 13:35. Does RT affect injuries? 15:05. The amount/volume of training and concurrent training 18:32. Little effect of endurance training on hypertrophy but might effect strength 21:30. Glenn’s frustrations at the gym 24:15. Single-leg research studies vs whole body exercise 31:20. AMPK and metabolism etc 34:00. Potential mechanisms involved 35:40. Interference of endurance on strength hasn’t been clearly shown 38:00. RT can improve endurance performance and economy 41:10. Specificity of RT adaptations 45:55. Running straight after the gym 48:55. How much RT is enough/sufficient/optimal 51.20. Benefits of circuit training 53:05. Endurance exercise interfering with strength/contraction speed 54:20. Relationship between muscle size and strength 59:05. Explosive RT best for endurance exercise 1:04:35. Order of the concurrent training 1:06:35. Arterial stiffness/health and concurrent training 1:10:25. Team sports and concurrent training 1:12.08. Different sports a concurrent training 1:13:05. Mechanisms: gene expression etc 1:16:22. Fatigue and concurrent training 1:17:40. If short on time what exercise would you recommend? 1:19:55. Sex differences? 1:20:45. Age effects? 1:21:20. Controversies in the field 1:24:25. Things that influencers can get wrong 1:25:45. Other areas that he is investigating 1:27:50. Anti inflammatories can reduce resistance training gains 1:30:08. Takeaway messages 1:31:14. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all. The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University. He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9). Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 Instagram: insideexercise Facebook: Glenn McConell LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460 ResearchGate: Glenn McConell Email: [email protected] Subscribe to Inside exercise: Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218 Not medical advice

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  1:31:24
• #88 - Exercise preserves muscle and metabolism during cancer with Dr Lykke Sylow

  Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Lykke Sylow from The University of Copenhagen. She is a rising star in exercise metabolism and in particular the effect of exercise on cancer. This is the second podcast episode on exercise and cancer (See Professor Kathryn Schmitz episode #9).Remarkably she said that if you are a non-smoker your biggest risk of getting cancer is inactivity. Not clear if this is independent of obesity etc. Can associated with a reduction of insulin sensitivity and also cachexia (with the loss of muscle mass is very important). The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance. Exercise can reduce the likelihood of getting cancer, improve the prognosis during cancer treatment and reduce the likely of getting cancer again. There is even evidence that exercise can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce the extent of metastasis. Really remarkable stuff. A lot more research is needed to clarify these things. X: @lykkesylow0:00. Introduction2:40. Lykke is a rising star3:59. Cancer and exercise overview6:09. Wasting of muscle mass with cancer7:00. Evidence that exercise reduces the risk of getting cancer11:40. Inactivity / obesity and cancer13:03. Glucose metabolism and cancer15:20. Cancer cachexia19:05. The cancer itself may cause insulin resistance22:55. Cancer cachexia/ loss of muscle mass29:30. When loss weight tend to lose muscle30:30. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia33:20. Pre cancer muscle mass/strength and survival35:50. With cancer insulin resistance may come before cachexia40:07. What do different cancers have different effects?41:48. Exercise can improve tolerance to cancer treatment/fatigue46:20. Does exercise reverse the insulin sensitivity with cancer46:30. Exercise increases muscle glucose use during and after exercise52:10. Exercise during chemotherapy treatment54:55. What kind/type of exercise are we talking about?1:01:20. Mechanisms/AMPK1:03:25. Exercise reduces fatigue in cancer1:04:13. Exercise may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy1:06:25. Exercise may reduce metastasis of cancer1:08:30. Sex differences, cancer and exercise1:12:20. Age, cancer and exercise1:15:15. Availability of exercise in oncology departments1:18:50. Diet vs exercise in cancer treatment1:19:50. Strength vs endurance training with cancer1:21:22. Takeaway messages1:26:23. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

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  1:26:32
• #87 - Exercise and sports cardiology with Professor Paul D. Thompson

  Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paul D. Thompson who is Chief of Cardiology, Emeritus at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT and Professor of Medicine, Emeritus at the University of Connecticut. He has published over 500 peer reviewed journal articles, was a past President of the American College of sports medicine (ACSM) and was a impressively fast marathon runner. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on sport cardiology (See Professor Benjamin Levine and Associate Professor Andre La Gerche’s episodes). We covered a lot of ground. There is a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation in athletes (is it due to larger hearts?). We discussed possible reasons why coronary artery calcium/calcification is higher in athletes. He recommends 8000 steps done vigorously per day. Exercise is very important for your health. What exercise to do depends on your goals and health status. See time stamps further much more. We discuss his free substack called 500 rules of cardiology.0:00. Introduction2:40. Previous IE podcast episodes on sports cardiology5:30. Worked with ex physiol legend David Costill8:00. Ex physiol legend Bengt Saltin9:00. More than 500 publications, importance of collaboration10:45. Can exercise have negative effects on the heart?13:00. More atrial fibrillation in athletes (due to larger hearts?)20:30. Genetics and exercise25:15. Was excellent marathoner27:30. Exercise and right ventricle “fatigue”32:00. Genetics, exercise and longevity34:10. Cut off points/prevalence of increased risk of atrial fibrillation36:26. Atrial fibrillation, blood thinners and strokes39:30. Daily aspirin and heart risk42:42. Why coronary artery calcium/calcification (CAC) higher in athletes?48:40. Sex differences51:03. Less heart beats per day in endurance athletes53:40. Athletes, higher CAC and cardiovascular events56:15. Exercise reduces cardiovascular events58:30. Almost never restricts exercise in patients1:00:20. Rationale to train hard1:02:30. Most bang for your buck if less fit to start with1:05:30. Cadence and turbulence in artery1:09:30. Better athletes have more heart issues1:11:40. Exercise intensity and coronary calcification1:13:55. Walking and the heart1:18:00. Fit handle operations/illnesses better1:20:17. Statins and muscle pain /cholesterol1:24:15. Medications vs lifestyle in diabetes1:26:32. Metformin and exercise adaptations1:27:15. Sudden death during exercise1:29:25. Coronary narrowing and heart attacks1:31:45. Best athletes have larger aortas1:35:20. Intermittent fasting /ketosis1:38:45. Exercise intensity and heart adaptations1:39:40. Pay attention to symptoms1:41:55. Broke his hip in a bike accident, cycles now1:43:25. Exercise training early in life /epigenetics1:47:05. Drugs and exercise performance1:49:20. Environmental factors: eg walking to school1:51:52. Cardiac sex differences re exercise1:54:05. Wise advice1:58:45. Be mindful of the media’s take on exercise2:00:25. Takeaway messages2:02:12. His free substack 500 rules of cardiology2:02:59. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

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  2:03:08
• #86 - Can changing gait reduce running injuries with Professor Bryan Heiderscheit

  Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Bryan Heiderscheit from the University of Wisconsin in USA. He is an expert on running injuries. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Professor Irene Davis’s and Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen’s episodes). Bryan focuses on overstriding and how increasing the stride rate can reduce overstriding and therefore running injuries. The importance of making gradual changes in all aspects. Different kinds of running injuries when land on the forefoot vs the heel. He thinks the type of shoes (minimalist vs cushioned etc) doesn’t make much difference to running injury rates etc. If bouncing up and down when running then may be overstriding which can result in injury. Some people bounce more but don’t overstride, some people overstride but don’t bounce and some do both. Bryan likes to try altering the stride rate/cadence to reduce over striding in an attempt to reduce bouncing and therefore, hopefully, running injuries. Bryan and the previous running. We also discussed causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting. A very interesting chat that brought together not only his research but also the previous two episodes on running injuries.0:00. Introduction3:16. Similarities/differences re the 3 interviews on running injuries8:36. How Bryan got into running injury research10:53. Running injuries when land on the forefoot vs heel17:02. Specificity: function vs capacity20:08. Do cushioned shoes increases injuries?26:04. Injury rates /injury risks28:45. Accumulation of strides, resilience, loads31:30. The centre of mass movement during running (bounce)34:20. Changing gait to alter centre of mass movement36:50. Overstriding re centre of mass40:20. Overstriding and eccentric load on the knee41:15. Cadence/step rate to alter overstriding/bounce45:38. Speed of runner and how land when running47:13. Loading rate and injuries49:08. Some overstride but don’t bounce and vice versa50:42. Experience of runner and overstriding52:40. Elite runners and extent of overstriding55:26. Gait retraining and injury rates57:14. Step rate increase when land on forefoot1:00:01. Other causes of running injuries1:00:50. Need shoes to control pronation?1:03:26. Causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting1:06:43. Bone density reduction after bone injury1:08:25. When ready to return after ACL reconstruction?1:10:00. Takeaway messages1:11:49. Outro Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

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  1:11:58

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