The History Hour

Max Pearson presents a collection of this week's Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service.
This week, we mark 90 years since the start of the Spanish Civil War. Our guest is historian Professor Sir Paul Preston, who explains how the conflict transformed Spain and paved the way for the rise of General Francisco Franco. We hear the story of a young refugee who fled the fighting but later returned home while the war was still under way.
We then travel to the Canadian Arctic, where the Inuit fought for greater control over their land and way of life. Their campaign would eventually lead to the creation of Nunavut, Canada's newest and largest territory.
We also hear the story behind ‘The Kiss of Life’, the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph that captured a life-saving rescue.
From Turkey, we hear memories of the failed military coup of July 2016, a night of violence that left hundreds dead.
Plus, the story of the Birkin bag, the oversized handbag created in the 1980s that became one of the world's most coveted fashion accessories.
And from Sporting Witness, why do thousands of sports fans around the world suddenly stand up, throw their arms into the air and sit down again? We discover the origins of the Mexican wave and how it became a global sporting tradition.
Contributors:
Professor Sir Paul Preston – historian, author and professor at London School of Economics
Paul Quassa- Inuit politician and activist
JD Thompson- American lineman in ‘The Kiss of Life’ photograph
Can Cumhurcu - Mukhtar of Çengelköy, Istanbul
Jane Birkin – creator of the Birkin bag in interviews from BBC Archive
Krazy George Henderson – creator of the Mexican Wave
(Photo: Spanish Civil War in September 1936. Credit: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week’s Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service.
Our guest is Mateja Kurir, associate professor at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia and the editor of the book, On Power in Architecture.
We start with Jackie Kennedy's 1962 renovation of the United States' White House and the immigrant workers who protested against rent hikes and living conditions in 1970s France.
Next, the toxic explosion in a chemical factory in northern Italy in 1975 and South Sudan's celebration of independence in 2011.
Plus, the art movement Dada which began 110 years ago and went on to influence Surrealism and punk.
Finally, the Wimbledon final of 2008 between Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer which some call the greatest tennis match ever played.
Contributors:
Jackie Kennedy - featured in a CBS TV special in 1962.
Mohammed Kherbachi - witness to the foyer strikes of the 1970s.
Giuseppe Cassina - former Mayor of Seveso.
Malual Bol Kiir - on the time of South Sudan's independence.
Richard Huelsenbeck - interviewed in 1959 for the BBC programme, The Meaning of Dada.
Rafael Nadal - winner of 22 Grand Slam singles titles.
(Photo: The White House in 1962. Credit: Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week’s Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service.
Our guest is Jan English from the American Museum and Gardens in Bath in the UK.
We start with the moment the remains of a Native American chief were returned to the US, more than a century after his death in England in 1892.
Next we head to 1959 when Hawaii was brought into the United States of America as the 50th state with the passing of the Hawaiian Admission Act.
And we go back to the 1940s, when a Mexican American launched the US's first radio service in Spanish.
We fast forward to the 1980s, when the Statue of Liberty was showing her age and was given a multi-million-dollar facelift.
To the story of Rosa Parks who made civil rights history in 1955, when she refused to give up her seat on the bus, despite segregation laws discriminating against black people. This story contains outdated language.
Finally, the creative vision behind West Germany's 1990 World Cup shirt which became a design classic and is now one of the most sought-after by kit collectors around the world.
Contributors:
Mary Black Feather Condon - Chief Long Wolf’s great‑granddaughter.
John Waihe'e - Former governor of Hawaii.
Jan English - American Museum and Gardens Collections and Public Engagement Director.
Guillermo Nicolas - Raoul Cortez's grandson.
Peter Dessauer - Architect who oversaw the restoration of the Statue of Liberty.
Rosa Parks - Civil rights activist.
Ina Franzmann - Designer of West Germany’s 1990 football shirt.
(Photo: The Statue of Liberty surrounded by scaffolding during its restoration. Credit: Terry Disney/Evening Standard/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week’s Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service.
Our guest is Devi Sridhar, Professor of Global Public Health at the University of Edinburgh in the UK.
We start with the birth of an Australian campaign to get people to take care in the sun and Ireland's response to the UK Brexit vote.
Next, the 110th anniversary of the Battle of the Somme and the Hong Kong bookseller detained for selling material critical of China's leaders.
Finally, Brazilian footballer Ronaldo's knee injury in 2000 and the story behind a famous insulting song in Mexico - Rata de dos Patas.
Contributors:
Professor David Hill - former head of Cancer Council Victoria.
Professor Devi Sridhar - Professor of Global Public Health at the University of Edinburgh.
Rory Montgomery - former diplomat, who led Ireland's Brexit negotiating team.
Lam Wing-kee - Hong Kong bookseller who was detained for selling material critical of China’s leaders.
Nilton Petroni - Ronaldo Nazario's former physiotherapist.
Manuel Eduardo Toscano - composer of Rata de dos Patas.
(Photo: Sid the Seagull, mascot for the Slip Slop Slap campaign. Credit: Cancer Care Victoria)

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week’s Witness History interviews from the BBC World Service. Our guest is Professor Rachel E. Johnson, Professor of Modern African History at Durham University in the UK.
We begin with the 50th anniversary of the Soweto Uprising, which became a defining symbol of youth resistance to apartheid. We hear from one of the students who took part in the protest, which was violently suppressed by South African security forces in June 1976.
Then we have the harrowing account of an ethnic Georgian poet who fled his home in Abkhazia when the breakaway region was engulfed in war in 1993.
We also hear from one of the Greek Cypriot women who, in 1987, marched towards the ceasefire line dividing Cyprus to protest against the island’s partition.
Next, the scientist who identified Lyme disease in 1976.
Plus, the discovery of the remains known as “Mungo Man”, a 42,000‑year‑old skeleton that transformed understanding of Australia’s ancient past.
And Brazil’s heaviest defeat in a World Cup, which happened on home soil in 2014.
Contributors:
Professor Rachel E. Johnson – Professor of Modern African History, Durham University
Bongi Mkhabela – Soweto Uprising participant
Guram Odisharia – Georgian poet from Abkhazia
Niki Katsaouni – Greek Cypriot peace activist
Dr Jim Bowler – geologist
Prof Allen Steere – rheumatologist
Thomas Müller – German footballer
(Photo: Black students protesting against the compulsory teaching of Dutch-based Afrikaans in schools. Credit: Getty Images)