Freakonomics Radio

Nearly everything that politicians say about taxes is at least half a lie. They are also dishonest when it comes to the national debt. In this update of an episode from 2025, Stephen Dubner finds one of the few people in Washington who is willing to tell the truth — and it’s even worse than you think.

 

SOURCES:

Jessica Riedl, budget and tax fellow at the Brookings Institution.



 

RESOURCES:

"How Did DOGE Disrupt So Much While Saving So Little?" by Emily Badger, David Fahrenthold, Alicia Parlapiano, and Margot Sanger-Katz (New York Times, 2025).

"Correcting the Top 10 Tax Myths," by Jessica Riedl (Manhattan Institute, 2024).

"Spending, Taxes, and Deficits: A Book of Charts," by Jessica Riedl (Manhattan Institute, 2024).

"Why Did Americans Stop Caring About the National Debt?" by Jessica Riedl (Reason, 2024).

"A Comprehensive Federal Budget Plan to Avert a Debt Crisis," by Jessica Riedl (Manhattan Institute, 2024).

"When Does Federal Debt Reach Unsustainable Levels?" by Jagadeesh Gokhale, Kent Smetters, and Mariko Paulson (The Wharton School of Business, 2023).

"The Limits of Taxing the Rich," by Jessica Riedl (Manhattan Institute, 2023).



 

EXTRAS:

"Farewell to a Generational Talent," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).



 

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Is it tradition … or protectionism? And what happens when the bourbon boom turns into a glut?

 

SOURCES:

Andrew Muhammad, agricultural economist at the University of Tennessee.

Brad Patrick, executive in residence and lecturer at the University of Kentucky Gatton College of Business and Economics, bourbon fellow at the James B. Beam Institute for Kentucky Spirits.

Danny Kahn, master distiller and distillation and aging operations director at Sazerac.

Ken Troske, labor economist and chair of the economics department at the University of Kentucky.



 

RESOURCES:

"America's Bourbon Boom Is Over. Now the Hangover Is Here," by Aaron Tilley and Sadie Gurman (The Wall Street Journal, 2024).

Bourbon Empire: The Past and Future of America's Whiskey, by Reid Mitenbuler (2015).

"Code of Federal Regulations: Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits," (Electronic Code of Federal Regulations).



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As one researcher told us: “We’ve engineered a world where the most distracting device ever made is also the one we use to listen to music in the car." A new study tries to measure the cost.

 

SOURCES:

Bapu Jena, economist, physician, and professor at Harvard Medical School.

Chris Worsham, pulmonary and critical-care physician at Mass General Hospital, health-policy and public-health researcher at Harvard Medical School.

Vishal Patel, surgery resident at Brigham and Women's Hospital, researcher at Harvard Medical School.



 

RESOURCES:

"Smartphones, Online Music Streaming, and Traffic Fatalities," by Vishal Patel, Christopher Worsham, Michael Liu, and Bapu Jena (NBER, 2026).

Random Acts of Medicine: The Hidden Forces That Sway Doctors, Impact Patients, and Shape Our Health, by Anupam Jena and Christopher Worsham (2023).

"Mortality and treatment patterns among patients hospitalized with acute cardiovascular conditions during dates of national cardiology meetings," by Bapu Jena, Vinay Prasad, Dana Goldman, and John Romley (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2015).

"Road Crash Fatalities on US Income Tax Days," by Donald Redelmeier and Christopher Yarnell (JAMA, 2012).

"Memories of colonoscopy: a randomized trial," by Donald Redelmeier, Joel Katz, and Daniel Kahneman (PAIN, 2003).



 

EXTRAS:

"Why Is There So Much Fraud in Academia?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

"Why Is Flying Safer Than Driving?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).

"Why Is the U.S. So Good at Killing Pedestrians?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).



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In blue cities across the country, unions and politicians want to ban self-driving cars. In this episode from the Search Engine podcast, PJ Vogt visits Boston to sort the facts from the propaganda. (Part two of a two-part series.)

 

SOURCES:

Carl Richardson, ADA coordinator for the Massachusetts State House, president of the Guide Dog Users of Massachusetts.

Gabriela Coletta Zapata, Boston City councilor from District 1.

Julia Mejia, Boston City councilor at-large.

Timothy B. Lee, author of Understanding AI newsletter.



 

RESOURCES:

"Waymo Hits a Rough Patch in Washington, DC," by Aarian Marshall (WIRED, 2026).

"New York drops plan to legalize robotaxis in setback for Waymo," by Andrew J. Hawkins (The Verge, 2026).

"Waymo’s next five cities are all in red states," by Timothy B. Lee and Kai Williams (Understanding AI, 2025).

"What Waymo could mean for Bostonians with disabilities: independence at their fingertips," by Carl Richardson (Boston Globe, 2025).

"Planning, Development and Transportation on July 24, 2025," (Boston City Council, 2025).

"Ride-Hailing Drivers in Massachusetts Win Right to Unionize," by Eli Tan (The New York Times, 2024).

"East Coast Longshore Workers May Soon Strike," by Joe Demanuelle-Hall (Jacobin, 2024).



 

EXTRAS:

"The Fascinatingly Mundane Secrets of the World’s Most Exclusive Nightclub," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

Search Engine, podcast by PJ Vogt.



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How a secret project at Google led to driverless cars on American roads. 

Freakonomics Radio shares a story from our friends at Search Engine. (Part one of a two-part series.)

 

SOURCES:

Alex Davies, author of Driven: The Race To Create the Autonomous Car.

Chris Urmson, co-founder and C.E.O. of Aurora.

Don Burnette, founder and C.E.O. of Kodiak AI.

PJ Vogt, reporter, writer, and host of the Search Engine podcast.

Sebastian Thrun, roboticist, C.E.O. of Sage AI Labs, adjunct faculty at Stanford University.

Timothy B. Lee, author of Understanding AI newsletter.



 

RESOURCES:

"Very few of Waymo’s most serious crashes were Waymo’s fault," by Kai Williams (Understand AI, 2025).

Driven: The Race to Create the Autonomous Car, by Alex Davies (2021).

"An Oral History of the Darpa Grand Challenge, the Grueling Robot Race That Launched the Self-Driving Car," by Alex Davies (WIRED, 2017).

Understanding AI, newsletter on Substack.

Waymo Safety Dashboard.



 

EXTRAS:

"The Fascinatingly Mundane Secrets of the World’s Most Exclusive Nightclub," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

Search Engine, podcast by PJ Vogt.



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