One of the biggest advantages of running a business through a limited company is the protection it
offers your personal assets. But that protection is not absolute. In this episode of I Hate Numbers, we
look at the corporate veil, when it holds, when it does not, and what HMRC can do when directors cross
the line on unpaid corporation tax.
What Is the Corporate Veil?
When you set up a limited company in the UK, you are effectively building a wall between your
business and your personal life. On one side sits the company, its debts, its bills, and its taxes. On
the other side is you, your home, your car, and your personal savings. This is limited liability, a
legal shield designed to encourage people to take risks and start businesses without fearing that one
bad month will cost them the family home.
The problem is that wall is not indestructible. HMRC has ways of climbing over it, and they are
using them more and more. The law protects honest directors who run into genuine bad luck, but where
there is evidence of misconduct, negligence, or what HMRC calls deliberate behaviour, that shield can
vanish entirely.
Preference Payments: Paying the Wrong People First
The most common way directors get into serious trouble is through preference payments. Imagine your
business is struggling. You have a corporation tax bill due to HMRC but also owe money to a family
member who helped you start the business. You check your bank balance, see a few thousand pounds, and
decide to pay your brother or sister back first. That is a preference. You are choosing a friendly
creditor over a legal one.
If the company later fails, a liquidator will examine those bank statements. They can, and will,
reverse that payment and sue you personally to recover the money. Loyalty to family is understandable,
but it is not a defence in the eyes of the law.
Fraudulent and Wrongful Trading
Fraud is the serious end of the spectrum. Taking deposits for products you know will never be
delivered, or hiding cash from HMRC, can result in a personal financial order that puts your personal
assets on the table to settle company debts.
Wrongful trading is more common and perhaps more relevant to many directors. This is where you
continue trading even though you knew, or should have known, that the company was heading for
insolvency. If the tax debt grows during that period, you can be held personally liable for the
additional amount. Ignorance is not a defence. The law expects directors to know their numbers.
Unlawful Dividends
Most directors of small UK companies take a modest salary and draw the rest as dividends, which is
perfectly legal when done correctly. The key word is distributable profits. Think of it like a pie. You
can only eat what is left after paying for the ingredients. If your company makes a profit of one
hundred thousand pounds, a portion of that must be set aside for corporation tax. If you take that tax
money as a dividend, the dividend becomes unlawful.
Should the company go into liquidation, the liquidator can demand every penny of those unlawful
dividends back. As the director who authorised the payments, you also face a breach of your duties.
That is a double whammy that is entirely avoidable with the right financial discipline in place.
The Six Month Rule on Asset Sales
There is also a specific rule worth knowing around asset sales. If your company sells an office,
a van, or any significant asset, the tax on that gain must be paid to HMRC within six months. If it is
not, HMRC can bypass the courts entirely and send the bill directly to your home address. They have two
years to begin this process, which means you could be sitting at home eighteen months later thinking
the dust has settled, only for a substantial bill to land on your doorstep.
The Consequences of Getting This Wrong
Beyond losing money, the consequences can be severe. Directors can be issued with a personal
liability notice or disqualified from acting as a director for up to fifteen years. For anyone building
a business career, that is a significant and damaging outcome that could have been avoided entirely.
How to Stay Safe: A Practical Checklist
Staying on the right side of the law requires discipline and consistent habits. We run through five
practical steps in this episode.
First, review your management accounts every single month. Do not wait until the year end to
discover you are in difficulty. If you do not have management accounts in place, get in touch with us
at I Hate Numbers and we can help you set them up.
Second, treat your tax money as untouchable. Open a separate bank account and move between ten and
twenty five percent of your income into it as soon as it arrives. If you cannot see it, you are far
less likely to spend it.
Third, if the business is struggling, halt dividends immediately and switch to a basic salary until
things stabilise. There is nothing unlawful about paying yourself a salary.
Fourth, always take professional advice before selling a major company asset.
Fifth, treat HMRC as your most important supplier. They are the only creditor with the power to
take your home, and they are becoming increasingly assertive in pursuing unpaid taxes.
Conclusion: Keep the Wall Standing
HMRC and liquidators will examine everything: bank statements, emails, receipts, and payment
records. Acting proactively, keeping clear records, and respecting the legal boundary between you and
your business is what keeps your personal wealth safe. If you are concerned that your paperwork or
management accounts are not where they should be, do not panic. Reach out to us at
I Hate Numbers and we will help you get things in order.
For a deeper grounding in business finance, the
I Hate Numbers book is the ideal place to start.
Episode Timecodes
[00:00:00]Introduction: the corporate veil and when HMRC can pierce it
[00:00:41]What limited liability actually means for directors
[00:01:28]When the legal shield disappears: misconduct and deliberate behaviour
[00:01:52]Preference payments: paying the wrong creditors first
[00:03:00]Fraudulent trading: the serious end of the spectrum
[00:03:14]Wrongful trading: the ostrich approach and its consequences
[00:03:54]Unlawful dividends: when taking money out becomes a problem
[00:05:00]The six month rule on asset sales
[00:05:25]Personal liability notices and director disqualification
[00:05:46]Five practical steps to protect yourself as a director
[00:07:06]Why HMRC is becoming more assertive and what that means for you
[00:07:26]Closing thoughts: keep clear records and keep the wall standing
Take the Next Step
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for more practical, no-nonsense guidance every week. Keep those records straight. Plan it, do it,
profit.
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